Revolution (2023, 401 pages)

So many people use revolution without knowing what it actually means. Africans, more than any other population on Earth, have very little understanding of the forces of social change in societies.  Revolutions overturn systems, reforms merely adjust/alter minor details.

From primitive communalism to hydraulism, to planned socialistic-communalism to white slavery to feudalism, to capitalism, to socialism societies live and die like human beings.  They also reproduced themselves, create hybrids, mutate, interpenetrate, implode and explode.  The revolution is merely the class changing of the guard---the end of the technological then economic, then social, then political transformation of the society.  No group of people does anything revolutionary based on just revolutionary ideas, militant cries, lofty words.  Revolutionary ideas are only the written/spoken expression of a group of people's economic and social well-being---a group of people who need a revolution in order to get that well-being.

Social revolution, the revolution of a society, the transformation from one societal form to another higher one is more than incremental change.  Its more than legal concessions, integration, civil rights, sitting on buses, voting, busing children to white schools, quotas, militancy, yelling and screaming, radical talk, protesting, marching, or affirmative action.  These were tactics, and reforms within an economic system that fundamentally remained the same, not revolutionary dismantling of a class, race, sex/gender, and culture's rule over a particular modern nation-state/republic. Reform is the name given to changes which leave the power (the state, military, education system, legal system, courts, economy, government, constitution, industries) in the hands of the old ruling class/race/sex-gender/culture.  

Revolutions are not made; they evolve, develop, grow, mature and ripen overtime---sometimes over centuries---until a particular society can no longer distribute what it produces. It runs its course, moves into a period of decline, then degeneration, then comes social disorganization, dis-integration, collapse, death, decomposition (regression/retrogression), the masses recognize the society does not work any longer, resulting in the overthrow of the existing political (ruling class) order, then replacement/supersession by a form of society reflective of the higher form of technology/means of production.  After the fall of the state, representatives of all the various classes/race/cultures/genders jockey for position.  The new society is then reorganized around the new technology, and the class that reorganizes it successfully becomes the ruling class.  This is fundamental societal revolution theory documented for thousands of years.